The third-moment Rademacher stability constant is exact on the flat family, on the spike region and on the fourth-moment region Σᵢaᵢ⁴ ≥ 1/2
Abstract
Let varepsilon₁,…,varepsilonₙ be independent Rademacher signs, let a ∈ ℝⁿ satisfy Σᵢaᵢ²=1, write overline Sₙ=n^(-1/2)(varepsilon₁+…+varepsilonₙ) and Δₙ(a)=Σᵢ(aᵢ²-frac1n)². Gao and Qian introduce the optimal dimension-free third-moment stability constant C₃ᵒᵖᵗ=inf(E|overline Sₙ|³-E|Σᵢaᵢvarepsilonᵢ|³)/Δₙ(a), prove (3(5sqrt2-7))/(16)leC₃ᵒᵖᵗ ≤ 5sqrt3-6sqrt2 — a bracket of width a factor just over 13 — and conjecture that the upper end Cₛtar:=5sqrt3-6sqrt2=0.1749726636… is the truth. We prove their conjectured inequality on three explicit regions that hold at every dimension. First, on the flat coefficient vectors: for all integers 1 ≤ k<n, E|overline Sₙ|³-E|overline Sₖ|³geCₛtar(frac1k-frac1n), with strict inequality except at (k,n)=(2,3), so Cₛtar is the unique extremal chord slope of the sequence E|overline Sₙ|³. Second, on the vectors in which one coordinate carries at least the ℓ¹ mass of all the others: there the conjectured inequality holds for every n ≥ 2, and the restricted infimum is exactly Cₛtar, attained at Gao and Qian's own dimension-three vector (a₁²,a₂²,a₃²)=(1/2,1/2,0) — so on that region the factor-13 bracket collapses to a point. In dimension four the sharp constant on that region is the new exact value 6-4sqrt2=0.3431457505…. Third, on the fourth-moment region Σᵢaᵢ⁴ ≥ 1/2, which is provably not contained in the second: there too the conjectured inequality holds at every n ≥ 2 with the same constant, the restricted infimum is again exactly Cₛtar, and in dimension four it is again exactly 6-4sqrt2. That third region contains the conjectured extremiser, so in dimension four the value of the optimum is in doubt only on the complementary set Σᵢaᵢ⁴<1/2. The engine is a closed form for E|Sₙ|³ coming from two telescoping binomial identities, after which the whole flat family reduces to one sequence of consecutive slopes; on the spike region the extremiser is exhibited by an exact quadratic factorisation rather than by calculus, and on the fourth-moment region a single Cauchy–Schwarz step against E S⁴=3-2Σᵢaᵢ⁴ reduces everything to the same chord bound at k=2. Nothing here is an exhaustive computation: C₃ᵒᵖᵗ is an infimum over infinitely many dimensions, and all three regions are settled at all of them at once. Every theorem below is machine-checked in Lean 4.
Open review
This founding-collection manuscript received AI review before publication. Independent human review is open. Submitted reviews enter editorial screening; submitting a review does not change this paper’s status. Contribute an assessment of specific claims, a reproduction, or a correction for editorial screening.
Archived files
- Version 2 · current (opens in a new tab)
Source snapshot 2026-09-07 03:53 UTC
File fingerprint
8be26a285078de07c42930f2775845b59c33c0dcafad34d7a2ab40f0aff80613
Claim ledger
Stated results
RC1known2026-09-03
the source's dimension-three witness is an exact equality case: at a = (1/√2, 1/√2, 0) in ℝ³, E|S̄₃|³ − E|Σ aᵢεᵢ|³ = (5√3 − 6√2)·Δ₃(a) with Δ₃(a) = 1/6, so C₃ᵒpt ≤ 5√3 − 6√2
RC2known2026-09-03
the extremal dimension step is exact: E|S̄₃|³ − E|S̄₂|³ = (5√3 − 6√2)(1/2 − 1/3), i.e. the consecutive chord slope r₂ equals 5√3 − 6√2 with no slack
RC3candidate2026-09-03
the chord bound at every pair of dimensions: for all 1 ≤ k < n, E|S̄ₙ|³ − E|S̄ₖ|³ ≥ (5√3 − 6√2)(1/k − 1/n) — the source's conjectured inequality for the flat-on-k coefficient vectors, proved for every n
RC4candidate2026-09-03
sharpness of the chord bound: it is STRICT for every 1 ≤ k < n except (k,n) = (2,3), where it is the equality of RC2 — so 5√3 − 6√2 is the unique extremal chord slope of the third-moment sequence
RC5candidate2026-09-03
the source's conjecture holds on the spike region at every dimension: if some coordinate satisfies Σ_(j≠i₀)|aⱼ| ≤ |a_(i₀)| then E|Σ aᵢεᵢ|³ ≤ E|S̄ₙ|³ − (5√3 − 6√2)Δₙ(a) for every n ≥ 2 — in particular for every coefficient vector with at most two nonzero entries
RC6routine2026-09-03
negative controls: the constant 18/100 already fails at the dimension-three witness; the spike hypothesis is non-vacuous (the witness satisfies it with Δ₃ = 1/6 > 0); the spike moment identity fails without the dominance hypothesis (flat three-vector: 5√3/6 ≠ 7√3/9); and the chord bound is strict at (k,n) = (4,5)
RC7candidate2026-09-03
the source's infimum restricted to the spike region is EXACTLY 5√3 − 6√2: the lower bound holds at every n ≥ 2 and the dimension-three witness attains it
RC8candidate2026-09-03
the sharp spike constant in dimension four is exactly 6 − 4√2 = 0.343145750…: the inequality holds for every spike vector of ℝ⁴ and the flat-on-two vector attains it
RC9routine2026-09-03
the closed form of the third absolute moment: 2ⁿE|Sₙ|³ = 8k²·C(2k,k) for n = 2k and (k+1)(4k+1)·C(2k+2,k+1) for n = 2k+1, equivalently E|S̄₂ₖ|³ = 2√(2k)·βₖ and E|S̄₂ₖ₊₁|³ = (4k+1)βₖ/√(2k+1) with βₖ = C(2k,k)/4ᵏ; plus 16ᵏ ≤ 4k·C(2k,k)²
RC10measurement2026-09-03
measured: the exact algebraic candidates for the fixed-dimension optimum Φₙ = inf over the unit sphere of ℝⁿ — Φ₄ = 6−4√2, Φ₅ = 27√5/2−30, Φ₆ = 15√6/8−3√2, Φ₇ = 195√7/8−105√6/4, Φ₈ = √2/4, Φ₉ = 1785/16−315√2/4, Φ₁₀ = 315√10/256−5√2/2, Φ₁₁ = 6615√11/128−3465√10/64, Φ₁₂ = 693√12/640−12√2/5 — from the flat-family minimum, matched by direct sphere minimisation for n ≤ 8
This ledger entry is reported in prose and is not bound to a Lean theorem.RC11routine2026-09-03
zero-padding invariance of E|Σ aᵢεᵢ|³, and with it the source's conjectured inequality at EVERY flat-on-k vector of ℝⁿ (coordinates ±1/√k on an arbitrary k-element set, 0 off it) for all 1 ≤ k ≤ n — the literal reading of the chord bound RC3, together with the permutation and sign invariances it needs
RC12candidate2026-09-03
the conjecture of arXiv:2608.17802v1 holds with its SHARP constant on the ℓ⁴ region Σᵢ aᵢ⁴ ≥ 1/2 of the unit sphere, at every n ≥ 2, and the restricted infimum there is EXACTLY 5√3 − 6√2 — and exactly 6 − 4√2 in dimension four — new content: n ≥ 4 and uniformity in n; the n = 3 case is the source's Theorem 1.4
RC13measurement2026-09-03
measured, for the parked full-sphere problem in dimension four: the three sign cells of ℝ⁴ and their exact cubics (T₃ = 3a₁−2a₁³ on u ≥ 0, minus (1/4)u³ on u ≤ 0 ≤ v, minus (1/4)(u³+v³) on v ≤ 0, sorted, u = a₁−a₂−a₃−a₄, v = a₁−a₂−a₃+a₄); the deficit identity D = (a₁−1/√2)²·Q_C(a₁) + 2C·(a₂²a₃²+a₂²a₄²+a₃²a₄²) + (1/4)u³₋ + (1/4)v³₋; that D ≥ 0 has TWO zeros on the sorted sphere, (1/√2,1/√2,0,0) and the flat vector, so every certificate on q < 1/2 is tight at both; that min Σaᵢ⁴ over the spike region is 1/2 at n = 3..7; and the counted SOS price of the remainder — a 35 × 35 Gram per cell with √2 carried as a variable (s² = 2, face over ℚ(√2)), or 70 × 70 after the rational substitution 12AB − A² − 4B² ≥ 0, in both cases on a proper face that the alternating-projection solver cannot reach
This ledger entry is reported in prose and is not bound to a Lean theorem.Provenance
- Generated by
- Machina Mathematica
- Released by
- Korea Superintelligence Labs
- Source context
- Let ε₁, …, εₙ be independent Rademacher signs and let a ∈ ℝⁿ be normalised, Σᵢ aᵢ² = 1. Write
- Snapshot
- 2026-09-07 03:53 UTC
- Ledger commit
801848d7